It is also the stand of the respondents that personal laws and religious practices are not covered by the sweep of Article 13(1). Craig[9]; as well as joint or exclusive, Garvey v. On the other hand, the respondents have taken a firm stand that for the purpose of part III of the Constitution Article 12 defines the term the State to include the Government as well as Parliament of India as well as Government and legislature of the States but conspicuously it has left out the Judiciary and hence the Judiciary cannot be included and treated as ˜the State when it performs strictly judicial functions in contradistinction to administrative powers.
The best Chandigarh law firms as now crystallised on a conjoint reading of Sections 2(k), 2(l), 7-A, 20 and 49 read with Rules 12 and 98, places beyond all doubt that all persons who were below the age of 18 years on the date of commission of the offence even prior to 1-4-2001, would be treated as juveniles, even if the claim of juvenility was raised after they had attained the age of 18 years on or before the date of commencement of the Act and were undergoing sentence upon being convicted.
The principle stated in the section is that when a Chandigarh law firms person has once been tried by a court of competent jurisdiction for an offence and convicted or acquitted of it, he shall not while the conviction or acquittal remains in force, be tried again for the same offence. 403 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. 18 provided that a settlement arrived at in the course of conciliation proceedings would be binding on all parties to the industrial dispute and others indicated therein and s.
19 provided that such settlement would come into force on such date as was agreed upon between the parties and if no date was agreed upon then on the date on which the memorandum of the settlement was signed by the parties. With this stand the respondents have supported their plea that Article 13 will have no application in respect of personal laws based on Shastaras and Scriptures and also in respect of essential religious practices which are top legal services in Chandigarh matters of faith based upon religious scriptures that are inviolable for the believers.
In order, best law firms in Chandigarh therefore, that the appellant may have the benefit of the section he must have been tried by a court of competent jurisdiction. Having regard to the providers of s. Lastly it was submitted on behalf of the respondents that Articles 25 and 26 guarantee freedom to practice and propagate religion of choice as well as to establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes advocate with further rights to manage its own affairs in matters of religion; to own and acquire all moveable and best advocate in Chandigarh immoveable property and administer such property in accordance with law.
7 of the judgment-Aditanar Educational Institution case (supra)] (5) Where more than 15% of income of an educational institution is accumulated on or after 1st April, 2002, the period of accumulation of the amount exceeding 15% is not permissible beyond five years, provided the excess income has been applied or accumulated for application wholly and exclusively for the purpose of education On these facts the contention on behalf of the appellant is that the references were incompetent because of the agreement made on September 2, 1954.
13 of the General Clauses Act, the singular includes the plural and it would not be straining the language of the clause if the same was construed also to mean that persons accused of several offences and persons accused of abetment thereof could be tried together at one trial. So construed framing of three charges under s. Such rights being in part III of the Constitution itself, must be respected and read in harmony with each other and other provisions in Part III.
Such settlement would be binding for such period as was agreed upon by the parties and if no such period was agreed upon, for a period of six months and would continue to be binding upon the parties thereafter until the expiry of two months from the date on which a notice in writing to terminate the settlement was given by one of the parties to the other party or parties to the settlement. 18 and 19 of the top legal in Chandigarh Act, as they were at the relevant time. n(4) The educational institutions, which are registered as a Society, would continue to retain their character as such and would be eligible to apply for exemption under Section 10(23C)(vi) of the Act.
The contention on behalf of the appellant is that the agreement of September 2, 1954, arrived at during the course of conciliation proceedings between the appellant and the union was binding on all workmen and therefore it was not open to the government to make these references within six months of it. And again “Possession as necessary for conviction of offense of possession of controlled substances with intent to distribute may be constructive as well as actual, U.
That principle is enacted in s. 420, Indian Penal Code, against Satwant Singh and three charges of abetment against Henderson in the same trial did not infringe the provisions of cl. It then comes to this: Is the appellant entitled to the benefit of s. Reliance in this connection is placed on ss.